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The air we breathe out, diamonds, coal, plastic, and oil are objects very different from each other. But did you know that they share something in common? All things are composed mainly of carbon; an element we usually overlook because of its abundance and because it doesn't sound as catchy as gold or silver. Whether in living or nonliving beings; solid, liquid, or gas, carbon is there along with other elements.
If we are not too familiar with chemistry, we would still know that chlorine is important because it pops up even in normal conversations but we don't know why it becomes important. Well, say no more because in this program we'll find out why chlorine is one popular element. This element has the atomic number 17 and is represented by the symbol "Cl". At room temperature, chlorine is a yellow green gas, but of course when bonded with other elements, the states of matter change.
The lone element on the topmost right side of the periodic table is helium. Yes, it's the gas inside balloons that changes the sound of your voice when you inhale it. Helium has the chemical symbol "He" and atomic number 2. Helium is the only noble gas that only has two valence electrons in its outermost atom shell as opposed to the others' 8, because of its smaller atomic radius. This makes helium the most stable noble gas because the two electrons are more closely held. Helium was named after the Greek god of the Sun, Helios because the first sighting of helium was a yellow line in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun. 27 years later, terrestrial helium was first isolated by Sir William Ramsay by treating the mineral cleveite with mineral acids. He was expecting the element argon but after separating nitrogen and oxygen from the gas freed by sulfuric acid, Ramsay observed a yellow line that was similar to the one observed from the sun's spectrum. Per Teodor Cleve and Abraham Langlet were also able to isolate helium that same year on a separate occasion. All three are recognized for the discovery of helium.
Nitrogen is one of the few nonmetal elements in the periodic table. It's positioned between carbon and oxygen; it's atomic number is 7 and represented by the symbol "N." The name came from the Greek word "nitre" which means "to form." It was discovered and first isolated by Daniel Rutherford, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish were also able to do it at the same time on a separate occasion, Rutherford published his discovery first.
Platinum is one household chemical element. Why it's popular, even to the ones with the least chemistry knowledge, we'll find out together. This element has the atomic number 78 and has the chemical symbol "Pt." Due to its incredible resistance to corrosion even at high temperatures and resistance to oxidation in moist air, platinum is considered a noble metal. Note that "noble metal" is different from "precious metal." Precious metals have high economic value and at one point used as currency, but they don't necessarily resist oxidation and corrosion, like copper. Alongside gold, silver and palladium among others, platinum is both considered a noble and a precious metal.
Silicon? Isn't that the name of the valley filled with tech companies? Isn't that the little bags you can find in shoeboxes and bags? Yes, silicon is all that. But first and foremost, silicon is an element. It's hard but brittle, blue-gray crystalline object that looks like a metal when it isn't. Silicon is a metalloid or semimetal, perhaps the most popular one, with atomic number 14 and chemical symbol "Si." Jons Jacob Berzelius was credited for the discovery of silicon by being the first person to obtain pure silicon through the process of heating isolated potassium metal with silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4) then repeatedly washing the product until it becomes a brown powder. Berzelius only imitated this method from Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis Thenard who were able to produce amorphous silicon but the two were unable to reduce silicon to its purest form. The name silicon came from the Latin "silicis" which means "flint."
Silver is valued as a precious metal, just like gold, since the ancient times. It's a soft, shiny, white metal with the atomic number of 47 and is represented by the symbol "Ag," coming from its Latin name "argentum" which roughly translates to "shiny" or "white." Amongst all metals, silver is best in conducting heat and electricity and reflectivity; properties that come very handy in various industries like electronics. We wouldn't call that second place now, would we?
Sodium is one of the more familiar elements because it has basic, everyday uses and its existence has already been known through the compounds it formed. The sodium metal was first isolated in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy, the same person who first isolated potassium. Sodium was isolated through the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as lye or caustic soda. Sodium has the atomic number 11 and has the chemical symbol "Na" from its New Latin counterpart "natrium".
This program looks at the most recently discovered elements (including Ununseptium and Ununtrium) and the type of commitment and research that is required to make such discoveries. We introduce students to precious elements such as gold, silver and copper and illustrate how "The Big Three" were instrumental in the development of ancient and modern civilizations. Careers in chemistry and element research are highlighted in this dynamic program.
The periodic table organizes elements by an atomic number, based on the amount of protons in each elements nucleus. Other factors include electron configuration and recurring chemical properties. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number along with its chemical symbol in each box. The elements iron, zinc and selenium help promote health and fight disease and have commercial uses. Iron zinc and selenium, which happen to exist naturally, are also referred to as trace minerals because humans need only small amounts of them.
Anthropometry is the science that defines physical measures of a persons size, form, and functional capacities. Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the practical application of science to matters of the law. In criminal law, forensics science can help prove the guilt or innocence of the defendant. In civil actions, forensics can help resolve a broad spectrum of legal issues through the identification, analysis and evaluation of physical evidence. This program will discuss how new innovations and discoveries in forensic technology have important scientific applications beyond law.
As we continue our history of the Periodic Table organizational system and discovery of the elements, this program examines the elements lithium and beryllium. The characteristics of alkali metals and alkali earth metals are discussed in detail, with the help of graphics and animation demonstrating their similarities and differences. Students will learn why elements are organized into specific groups and their relations to the rows and columns of the periodic table.
The Periodic Table is organized with elements specified in rows, or periods, according to increasing atomic number. Metals are on the left of the periodic table, while nonmetals are located on the right. Some in the middle are called metalloids because they have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. The periodic table is purposely arranged into vertical classifications called groups. Columns of elements help define element groups. Some of the notable groups of elements include the noble gases (column 18), the halogens (column 17), the alkali metals (column 1) and the alkaline earth metals (column 2). The transition metals are located in the center of the periodic table. They include many of the common metals, such as copper, iron, silver and gold. The two rows below the main body of the table are called the lanthanide and actinide series. They include the very heavy metallic elements, such as uranium and plutonium. This program goes in depth regarding the elements potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) and their roles in the health of the human body. Potassium helps to control the proper balance of fluids in cells, helps with the contraction of muscles, and is involved in the transmission of chemical messages between nerve cells. Potassium aids in digestion of food, and in the proper function of the eyes. Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong.
Chemistry has an impact on every aspect of our daily lives. The most important chemistry reference is the Periodic Table of the Elements. By providing a logical, mathematical method of organization, the table has become a critical tool for students, teachers and scientists around the globe. This program explores the discoveries that led up to the organization of the periodic table and how it is presently organized. It introduces and explores several elements (Hydrogen and Titanium) and their effect on our daily lives and the environments in which they occur.
It's not just for fashion; models are used to show even how the tiniest pieces of matters are outfitted! This program will outfit you with all you need to know about atomic mass, and will introduce the road map of elements known as the Periodic Table.
Topics include: Intro to the Atom, Atomic Mass, Atomic Number, Isotopes, The Periodic Table of the Elements, and Electron Energy Levels.
Bonding happens more than just amongst your friends; it is an essential part of keeping matter together. Learn how the idea of sharing charges and building strength in numbers are a essential parts of chemistry. The VSEPR theory will describe the shapes and geometric make-up of the friendly molecule.
Topics include: Sharing Electrons, Bonding and Molecules, Bonding Tendencies, Isomers, VSEPR Theory, and Molecular Geometry.
Follow the matter road and you'll find solids, liquids and gases, oh MY! The structure and phase changes will be presented using cheesy examples, (yes cheese) and we'll find out why unruly gases have their own laws.
Topics include: What Is Matter?, Solids and Liquids, Phase Changes and Diagrams, Intro to Gases, and Gas Laws.
This program stirs things up by showing how combining chemical substances turns substances into mixtures! You'll have all the answers, or solutions, on how combinations can be dry, wet, chunky, hearty, smooth, creamy, strong and even invisible. So don't lose your concentrations when these solutions are being presented.
Topics include: Solutions and Solubility, Expressing Concentration, Raoult's Law and Colligative, Properties, and Non-Ideal Behavior.
You don't have to go far to find acids and base; they can be found in your kitchen, your garden and even in your lunch. This program goes a bit deeper to define what makes acids and bases do their thing, and what happens when they combine and react to each other.
Topics include: Chemical Reaction Basics, Definitions of Acids and Bases, Properties of Acids and Bases, Acid-Base Reactions, and Other Mixtures.
Chemical Reactions happen all over, from the far away sun to the cup of water sitting next to you. These reactions are a rearrangement of same old atoms we know and love with some chemical magic. This program reveals the magic and terms involved in writing and understanding chemical equations.
Topics include: Chemical Reactions, Precipitation Reactions, Oxidation-Reduction Reactions, Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Nuclear Reactions.
The Standard Deviants are so stoked to present this branch of chemistry, it has a leading role. Stoichiometry will awe you with mathematical performances and move you with a balancing act of equations. You will be applauding Stiochiometry's overwhelming performance.
Topics include: What is Stoichiometry?, the Metric System, Balancing Equations, Molar Conversions, Mass Percent and Empirical Formulas, and Limiting Reactants.
It's time to get energized and make things light up, heat up, power up and break-up. This program will melt away the complexity of thermodynamicsc and the functions and laws behind it. Heat up your class and make things happen, just like the energy found in this video.
Topics include: Energy Basics, State Functions and Hess's Law, The First Law of Thermodynamics, The Second Law of Thermodynamics, and Gibbs Free Energy.