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Most babies are born healthy and need no specialized interventions. However, about 10% of newborns do need assistance with breathing or admission to a NICU. This program examines the range of complications that may be present during or immediately after delivery. It begins with a discussion of preparation and initial assessment. It then presents the range of immediate interventions for an unstable baby, focusing on airway, breathing, and cardiovascular interventions. Next, special considerations are discussed including: premature births, diaphragmatic hernia, robin syndrome, choanal atresia, meconium aspiration, spina bifida and hydrocephalus.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Present the planning process, staffing requirements and equipment needs in the delivery room
Describe the "golden minute" and the use of the APGAR score in evaluation of the newborn
Provide an overview of the immediate interventions that may be required for the compromised newborn
Outline the airway/breathing and cardiovascular interventions that may be employed
Discuss the potential challenges presented by a premature birth
Differentiate the following conditions: diaphragmatic hernia, robin syndrome, choanal atresia, meconium aspiration, spina bifida and hydrocephalus
The neonatal period is between birth and 28 days of life. In the United States, about 19,000 newborns die each year. Healthcare professionals must be prepared to address this loss-both in themselves and in the family connected to the loss. This program addresses this difficult situation. First, decision making issues related to life-saving interventions are addressed with a presentation of the "Code of Ethics for Neonatal Resuscitation." This is followed by a discussion of how staff can support the family during this difficult time. In the event that the decision to remove of life-support equipment is made, the program examines the challenges and issues. If the family would like their child to die at home, the option of hospice care is presented. The program concludes with a discussion of how important it is that the staff's needs are also addressed during this challenging time.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Understand the survival prospects and possible causes of neonatal death
Describe the decision-making process involved in life-saving interventions and when such measures should be suspended
During the decision-making process, identify the steps that should be taken to provide the family appropriate support
When life-support equipment is removed, provide general and specific approaches that the healthcare professional might take in informing and supporting the parents
Discuss the option of hospice care if parents would like to take their child home
Recognize the needs of the staff in the event of the death of the neonate
This program explains that discharge planning for any inpatient actually begins at admission. For the NICU patient the process is both challenging and complex. Before infants can be discharged, a number of physiologic milestones should be met. This program discusses general guidelines and specific criteria. A wide range of needs are outlined including specialized equipment, nutritional needs, and tracheostomy care. Attention is paid to preparing the family for discharge and teaching specific skills.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Describe the criteria for discharge including the general guidelines and criteria dictated by the special needs of the baby
Identify appropriate measures and equipment employed to address the nutritional needs of some babies released from the NICU
Understand how oxygen therapy is employed in specific airway malformations
Discuss the major components of the home care plan and which healthcare professionals should participate in its development
Outline the major components of parent teaching, beginning with the simple, moving to the complex
Highlight the significant respiratory issues that may exist for the baby who is discharged from the NICU
Provide an overview of the unique care options that might be available for families with significant patient care needs
There are many complications that may occur during pregnancy and these may have adverse effects on the developing fetus. This program examines a number of these gestational issues including hyperemesis gravidarum, Rh negative disease, diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, a range of infections, and uterine complications. Maternal lifestyle issues are also addressed including the impact of recreational drugs, tobacco, and physical trauma. Finally, the program emphasizes the role ultrasound and other prenatal tests play in identifying congenital anomalies.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Define hyperemesis gravidarum and identify pharmacologic and not pharmacologic interventions
Understand how Rh-negative disease develops whether the condition may require admission to the NICU
Explain the screening process related to gestational diabetes and discuss the physiologic processes that may result in complications
Describe pregnancy induced hypertension and the potential complications that may develop
Provide an overview of the range of infections that may present during pregnancy and discuss their symptoms and interventions
Discuss the negative impacts of some maternal lifestyle choices including the use of drugs and tobacco
Provide an overview of the potential congenital anomalies that may arise in the neonate
Neonates who require care in the NICU present unique challenges. This program provides a detailed overview of those challenges. It begins by describing the four major levels of NICU care. Next, specific areas of care of are discussed including post resuscitative care, complications of resuscitation, feeding difficulty, and temperature management. The program concludes with a broad view of common pathologies present in the NICU with a focus on neurologic pathologies.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Differentiate each of the four levels of care
Describe post resuscitative care, the need for such intervention and the specific medical responses required
Define persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, pneumothorax, acidosis, hypotension and hypoglycemia
Explain the complications and subsequent interventions recommended for feeding difficulties in the newborn
Provide descriptions of the challenges that may be encountered if the neonate has poor temperature control
Identify the common pathologies in the NICU
Recognize the major neurologic pathologies that may present in the NICU
Discuss the symptoms and treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome
The program presents identification and management of pathologies. It begins with an overview of respiratory pathologies and a discussion of a wide variety of specific challenges. The second area of presented focuses cardiovascular anomalies. Common cardiac defects seen in the NICU are outlined, highlighting both symptoms and treatment. The program concludes with a discussion of sepsis and gastrointestinal defects.
After viewing the program, the learner will be able to:
Describe the most common respiratory pathologies seen in the NICU including meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension and Robin Syndrome
Outline the purpose and nature of ECMO (extra corporeal membrane oxygenation)
Identify a wide range of cardiovascular anomalies, noting the symptoms and treatment
Understand the specific characteristics of coarctation of the aorta and tetralogy of fallot
Highlight the symptoms and management of sepsis
Discuss the range of gastrointestinal defects including omphalocele, gastroschisis and imperforate anus
No pediatric patient should have to endure pain. But the discomfort many children feel because of injury, illness, or medical intervention may be missed because of inadequate assessment techniques. It is critical that healthcare providers be able to evaluate pain in children and provide the means to alleviate it.
This program is designed to give nurses the ability to assess pain in pediatric patients of all ages and abilities.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Describe an evidence-based assessment of pediatric pain
Take a pain history
Explain the use of regular pain evaluations using objective criteria and/or standardized scales
Describe the use of the PQRST mnemonic and other standard methods to assess the child's pain
Use both non-verbal and self-reporting tools to measure a child's pain
Describe physiologic signs of pediatric pain
Utilize behavioral observation scales to assess pediatric pain
Pediatric pain can be difficult to manage for many healthcare providers, which can lead to undertreatment. There is a common misconception that children experience pain in the same way as adults, but this has been challenged. Nonetheless, the pain must be understood in order for it to be treated or alleviated in any way. Healthcare providers must do all that they can to help pediatric patients describe the pain, so that it can be effectively treated.
This program provides healthcare personnel with the necessary techniques to utilize when treating pediatric pain, as well as working with children to explain it.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Compare and contrast the different types of non-pharmacological pain treatments
Recommend pharmacological pain treatments best for pediatric patients of all ages
Define cognitive, behavioral, and physical interventions as non-pharmacological therapies for pain
Explain the three-step analgesic ladder for the management of cancer pain
Identify techniques to manage different types of pain
Pain in childhood that is not adequately addressed can be detrimental to physical, emotional and academic development. It is critical that healthcare providers be able to evaluate pain in children and provide the means to alleviate it.
This program provides nurses and other healthcare professionals with an overview of pediatric pain.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Define types of pain
Identify the main misconceptions about pain among pediatric patients
Differentiate between acute, chronic and procedural pain
Distinguish between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain
Explain the different ways in which children understand, process and express pain
Child abuse has been described as a silent epidemic, which strikes infants, youngsters, and teens without prejudice. These victims come from all socioeconomic groups, races, and religions. This program will discuss the broad concepts of child abuse, including its prevalence in the United States and the characteristics of families and children who are at risk for its occurrence. It will also focus on the most common form of abuse, neglect.
After completing this course, you should be able to:
Define child abuse
List four types of child abuse
Identify four characteristics typical of child abusers
Define neglect
List five categories of neglect
Describe signs of neglect in children at various ages
Child abuse has been described as a silent epidemic, which strikes infants, youngsters, and teens without prejudice. These victims come from all socioeconomic groups, races, and religions. This program will focus on two types of maltreatment: physical and psychological abuse.
After completing this course, you should be able to:
Define physical and psychological abuse.
List characteristics of children at risk for physical abuse.
Describe characteristics of parents who are physically and/or psychologically abusive.
Identify signs of physical abuse and how they can occur in different areas of the body.
Identify behaviors in both children and caretakers that indicate that abuse may have taken place.
List seven signs in the child that may indicate psychological abuse has or is occurring.
Healthcare professionals have to deal with all types of patients and situations that are difficult. Yet one of the most disturbing things they have to encounter is the abuse of an innocent child. This is especially challenging when they have to interview the parent or caregiver they believe is responsible for the maltreatment. This program provides an overview of the issue of child abuse in the United States as well as detailed information on identifying various types and signs of sexual abuse, the responsibilities healthcare providers have when caring for victims, and the reporting of maltreatment.
After completing this course, you should be able to:
Describe the characteristics of perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse.
Describe types of sexual abuse and the phases of sexual abuse.
Identify the signs of sexual abuse.
Describe professional responsibilities relating to sexual abuse.
Describe the duty and responsibilities of professionals in reporting abuse.
In a healthcare setting, teens are just teetering between childhood need for parental support and the wish for complete independence. Their bodies undergo tremendous transitioning through puberty into the adult stage. It is critical for nurses and other healthcare professionals to understand the concepts of normal growth and development during this period so that they can answer questions and deliver age-appropriate care to their patients.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristic traits of adolescents
Describe some recommended forms of care appropriate to adolescents
Describe working with families of adolescents of other cultures
Describe some techniques of non-traumatic care for adolescents
Caring for pediatric patients can be intimidating. Their bodies function differently, they have different thought processes, and they are not able to clear communicate their needs or problems. This is particularly true for the earliest years of childhood during which a great number of changes happen rapidly. Therefore, it is critical for nurses and other healthcare professionals to understand the concepts of normal growth and development so that they can deliver age-appropriate care to their patients.
After watching this program viewers should be able to:
Describe characteristic traits of neonates, infants and toddlers
Describe some recommended forms of care appropriate to neonates, infants and toddlers
Describe working with families of neonates, infants and toddlers of other cultures
Describe some techniques of non-traumatic care for neonates, infants and toddlers
Preschool age children live lives of budding independence and exploration of the world beyond the immediate family, rapid cognitive growth, and continued physical growth. Caring for pediatric patients can be intimidating. Their bodies function differently, they have different thought processes, and they are not always able to clearly communicate their needs or problems. Therefore, it is critical for nurses and other healthcare professionals to understand the concepts of normal growth and development so that they can deliver age-appropriate care to their patients.
After watching this program viewers should be able to:
Describe characteristic traits of preschoolers
Describe some recommended forms of care appropriate to preschoolers
Describe working with families of preschoolers of other cultures
Describe some techniques of non-traumatic care for preschoolers
During the school-age years, from age 6 through the onset of puberty, the child is becoming increasingly independent and interacting with others outside the family. He is also starting to develop self-confidence and challenge his own abilities. By the school age years, children are better able to communicate their needs and problems, but they should not be treated as simply small adults. Their bodies still function differently and they have different thought processes. Therefore, it is critical for nurses and other healthcare professionals to understand the concepts of normal growth and development so that they can deliver age-appropriate care to their patients.
After watching this program viewers should be able to:
Describe characteristic traits of school-age children
Describe some recommended forms of care appropriate to school-age children
Describe working with families of school-age children of other cultures
Describe some techniques of non-traumatic care for school-age children
Due to their small size and other physiological differences, children are particularly vulnerable to medication errors. This program focuses on strategies to prevent errors when administering medications to pediatric patients and review the "rights of medication administration" as they relate to pediatric patients.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Describe factors that can lead to medication errors
Identify tools that can be used to prevent medication errors with pediatric patients
Describe the six "rights" of pediatric drug administration
Explain the nurse's role in the administration of children's medications
This program demonstrates and describes the safest, gentlest and least intrusive methods of administering pediatric medications to children of varying ages including instruction on the precise administration of otic, ophthalmic, nasal, oral, rectal and injectable medications.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Demonstrate appropriate strategies for administering medication to children of different developmental levels
Explain the nurse's role in the administration of children's medications
Describe how to administer oral, otic, ophthalmic, rectal, nasal and injectable medications to children
An essential part of preventive pediatric medicine is a complete and thorough physical assessment. Pediatric Physical Assessment Part 1 covers the evaluation of external body functions, including assessing physical growth and observing general appearance of the whole person.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Explain the issues to consider when performing a physical examination of a child.
Perform the necessary steps to acquire and record the patient's health history
Identify key area to assess the pediatric patient's general appearance
Describe the elements necessary to accurately assess the pediatric patient's growth
An essential part of preventive pediatric medicine is a complete and thorough physical assessment. Pediatric Physical Assessment Part 2 covers the examination of internal body functions, including the chest and lungs, heart, abdomen, musculoskeletal system and neurological system. The course presents a systematic, step-by step process for performing a complete internal physical exam on a preschool-age child.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Perform an internal exam using the four basic techniques of a physical assessment.
Assess the health of the skin.
Assess the health of the eyes, ears, nose and mouth.
Evaluate the thorax, chest and lungs.
Assess the function and health of the heart.
Evaluate the abdomen.
Determine abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system.
The immature respiratory system is very different from that of an adult. Respiratory pathologies are one of the major problems affecting the health and well being of children. These issues can be due to infection, allergy, trauma, or congenital anomalies. Whatever the cause, if distress is not promptly identified and treated, respiratory failure and even cardiopulmonary arrest can follow.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
Describe the differences between an immature respiratory system and an adult's
Identify normal pediatric breath sounds
Identify adventitious pediatric breath sounds and their possible causes
Respiratory pathologies due to infection, allergy, trauma, or congenital anomalies are one of the major problems affecting the health and well being of children. Signs of distress must be recognized and assessed promptly. If distress is not promptly identified and interventions begun, respiratory failure and even cardiopulmonary arrest can follow.
After completing this course, the learner should be able to:
List important signs of pediatric respiratory distress
List the components of a pediatric respiratory assessment
Identify the differences in signs between mild respiratory distress and moderate to acute respiratory distress
Identify red flags that can indicate acute pediatric distress
The NICU can be a stressful and frightening experience, abruptly altering traditional events and changing long anticipated plans. When babies arrive early or with complications, parents need to plan for the unexpected before taking the baby home. This program will provide the necessary information to help smooth the transition from the NICU to home.
This program provides information on the following topics:
Presenters: Loren M. Glasser, MD; Peter W. Hiatt, MD
Topics covered in this program include: an overview of cystic fibrosis and discussion of new directions in therapy; respiratory viral infections; gene therapy; and the use of pulmonzyme in treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Identify 3 chronic conditions that lead increased risk for medical emergencies, find areas where prehospital or acute care providers can assist children with special health needs, benefits of early referral to physical medical and rehab programs.
Presenters: Martin G. Hellman, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Lisa Deranek, MD; Jeffrey Ekstein, MD; David Uchlcin, RN
Most common poisons encountered in the pediatric population; Assess the pertinent information in the pre-hospital setting; Discuss the pertinent pre-hospital treatment modalities; Understand common signs and symptoms of lead poisoning; Recognize the pre-hospital provider's role in averting pediatric poisoning.
Identify postpartum patients; List common early healthcare needs of the patient; Nursing interventions for identifying patients; How skilled nurses can effect change through education.