With Manivong J. Ratts, Ph.D.
Four counselors work with the same client who brings a multiplicity of identities and issues to the session. The helping models demonstrated are the: (1) medical (bio), (2) intrapsychic (bio-psycho), (3) multicultural (bio-psycho-social) and (4) social justice (bio-psycho-social-advocacy). An analysis of each model is provided along with its strengths and limitations. Dr. Ratts also provides a description of the social justice counseling model, which explores how biological, psychological, and sociological factors influence client problems and the relevance of advocacy in counseling.
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